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Can the World Afford Autistic Spectrum Disorder?: Nonverbal Communication, Asperger Syndrome and the Interbrain, by Digby Tantam
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Digby Tantam argues in this book that the world affords us a web of subliminal non-verbal communication that regulates our brains. It helps us understand whether our beliefs do or do not have social approval, and it generally guides us in our relations with others. People with autism do not seem to be influenced by these subliminal signals and this results in the difficulties in social interaction that are so characteristic of all the autistic spectrum disorders. How is such nonverbal communication carried out, and why do people on the autism spectrum find it so difficult? What are the consequences of this for them, and how do these consequences affect their personality, self-awareness, and sense of place in the world? Digby Tantam explores the latest theories on nonverbal communication and how it shapes social behaviour. He provides abundant evidence for it being impaired in people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). He shows how knowledge of this difference can be used to overcome some of the impairments in nonverbal communication in people with ASD, but also how acknowledging these problems can result in more positive development elsewhere. This groundbreaking book will be fascinating reading for anyone interested in communication, and particularly for people who have ASD themselves, for their families, and all professionals working with people on the autistic spectrum. It sharpens our understanding of the mysterious phenomenon of human communication and clarifies the special status of people with ASD, showing how much we can learn from their experience.
- Sales Rank: #3834132 in Books
- Published on: 2009-04-15
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.50" h x .76" w x 6.30" l, 1.14 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 256 pages
Review
'Dr. Tantam's book takes us through a fascinating tour of a world where social experience is essentially the co-creation of people engaged in fast, broad, and essentially nonverbal inter-actionA". Words are slow, linear, and often obfuscate rather than illuminate others' intentions. This vastly neglected area of research is also likely the single greatest challenge for individuals with autism. Thus in one stroke Dr. Tantam both compels us to uphold social intuition for investigation, and helps us to appreciate what social contact is in the absence of this invisible glue.' --Ami Klin, Ph.D., Director of Autism Program, Harris Professor of Child Psychology and Psychiatry Yale Child Study Center
About the Author
Digby Tantam is Clinical Professor of Psychotherapy at the University of Sheffield, and Honorary Consultant Psychiatrist and Psychotherapist for Sheffield Care Trust. He founded an Asperger Syndrome clinic in 1980, and has written numerous articles and books on autism spectrum disorders.
Most helpful customer reviews
9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
Uncomfortable to read but thought-provoking
By J. Howard
The title made me feel very uncomfortable; it seems to suggest that the world can choose not to encounter autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). Once I got into the book, the author's viewpoint became less unclear. He proposes that the one fundamental problem underlying ASD is "impaired nonverbal communication." He discusses the concept from research and from anecdotal examples, and distinguishes cases that don't seem to fit the premise. I understand him to say that even though his premise cannot at this time be proven with science through neuroimaging data, that the concept will help in the understanding of ASD.
I was left unimpressed with the author's repeated usage of computer terms for the human brain, such as the "interbrain connection" being similar to the network that is the Internet; "cache" for certain abilities or knowledge, being socially "offline"; and the section on "cybernetic parallels for networks mediated by nonverbal communication." Certainly, many people with ASD would be comfortable with Dr. Tantum's terminology, given the predilection of many to focus comfortably on computers, but I had difficulty keeping track of what he meant.
That said, I absolutely reveled in the section near the end that discussed the psychology of bullying and why society cannot afford bullying. The Aspie in my family who was bullied throughout the seven years he spent in the K-12 public school system emerged with post-traumatic stress disorder. This played a large part in his needing a medical withdrawal from graduate school a few years later, which is a tragedy. I would love to have every teacher & school administrator required to study the psychology of bullying to the extent they would start protecting the victims actively and not be afraid to sanction the bullies.
5 of 5 people found the following review helpful.
A Book You Cannot Afford to Pass Up
By Mary Lou Cheatham, Author, The Dream Bucket
Can the World Afford Autistic Spectrum Disorder?: Nonverbal Communication, Asperger Syndrome and the Interbrain by Digby Tantam, Ph.D., is a penetrating look by a practicing scientist at the known science and personal observations of the operation and struggles of those afflicted with this type of brain structure.
Tantam describes the behavioral and social functioning of the person with Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) with some technical terminology yet with good translation of that terminology so that readers with broad educational backgrounds and experience can well understand his discussions.
In his Introduction (P. 20), Tantam states, "What the world affords to most of us [those with what he describes as 'neurotypical brains' or normal brains] is a structure, or a web of subliminal nonverbal communication that points us in directions to go, regulates our minds, indicates whether our beliefs have, or have not, social approval, and generally guides us."
He uses the analogy of a computer connected to the Internet in a continuous, ongoing process of gathering and exchanging information with other similarly connected computers occasionally receiving software upgrades that alter how our computer functions, possibly permanently, in a flowing dynamic process, of which we are mostly unaware.
Contrariwise, the person with ASD is analogous to a person with a computer that is not connected to the Internet. They don't have the benefit of communication with other computers in a network with the give and take allowing them to remain continuously "in touch" with one another and benefiting from the occasional operation-altering software updates that affect the whole community.
He carefully points out that the person with ASD is unaware of the customary nonverbal social cues, such as facial expressions, gestures, and body positioning, governing the behavior of most of us in society. In other words, the person with ASD simply doesn't "get it" when it comes to interpersonal relationships. Persons with ASD are aware that something is missing; they just don't know what it is. They are confused and often embarrassed. It is as though they have done something wrong, and they understand that they are not to do "it" again; they simply don't know what "it" is. Of course, there is a broad range of degrees of the impairment of nonverbal communication from mild to severe.
Tantam goes on to discuss channels of communication such as voice pitch and volume, body posture, gaze direction, and gesture as well as their respective functions of relative social status, alertness/arousal/engagement, emotional expression, and commentary on the production of speech and its focus. It is apparent that when these methods of communication are impaired, the person with ASD is dysfunctional in the social setting to a varying, possibly severe, degree.
His illustration of the profound importance of the specialized functions of many gestures we take for granted is seen in the hand gesture of the circle formed by the thumb and index finger presented with the palm opened in the direction of the listener. It means "OK," of course, yet we use it and see it frequently without ever analyzing it to any degree.
He gives many examples to illustrate that impairment of nonverbal communication is the fundamental brain problem in the person with ASD, showing the struggles those persons have in everyday living in society but especially in the family setting.
In Chapter 7 he focuses on getting the diagnosis and getting it right for the sake of all concerned. The proper diagnosis is vitally important in helping the ASD patients so that those around them properly deal with the results. Tantam uses the example that society will make some accommodations for the partially deaf person, but it is the responsibility of that patient to let the rest of us know what the problem is so we can respond appropriately. At the same time, it is primarily the responsibility of the deaf person to make the necessary adjustments needed to function in society.
A proper diagnosis, properly explained to the patient and any family members, needs to provide a new way of dealing with old problems. Once a person with an ASD and those caring for him begin to see now so many apparently disconnected problems come together as getting consequences of impaired nonverbal communication, there is often a sense of having finally gotten a problem to deal with.
Can society afford to formally "recognize" ASD and those who suffer it? Tantam gets back to this point in Chapter 8 and points out how some of the more severely affected people are usually bullied and that that can have longterm adverse consequences. He also points out that many are unable to find regular work. Furthermore, the medications available are expensive and not recognized by all authorities as being effective. However, there are intervention techniques that are effective if applied properly and early in the patient's life.
Certainly persons affected by ASD will not simply go away; so the real issue is, "Can society afford to exclude people with ASD?" Tantum makes a very convincing argument that we cannot afford to exclude them.
There are editing deficiencies. Here are two examples:
No page numbers in the Table of Contents
Pg. 16: "... of individual's capacity to immerse themselves in social groups..."
I highly recommend this book. It is a very well-written and comprehensive book for the layman - the person with ASD, family members and friends, and other members of society. It also gives excellent insight into the patients' struggles for those professionals who may care for them and to the educators, politicians, and community leaders who are faced with dealing with these patients and their struggles.
3 of 3 people found the following review helpful.
Digby Tantam's expertise blighted my life
By Wendych
Digby Tantam has not always been an expert in autistic spectrum disorder. He was once an expert on post natal depression, and the treatment I received whilst in his care has blighted my life. Admittedly, I was ill when I was first admitted to Withington Hospital Mother and Baby Unit, but when I recovered and noticed that my baby will ill, he treated my concerns as delusions - prescribing powerful anti-psychotic drugs and 21 ECT treatments.
Because my baby's infection was ignored, eventually significant levels of E coli were found in her urine, which, it later transpired, caused her to develop a vesico-ureteric reflux.
At the time, Digby Tantam informed all concerned that the reason for my so called delusions was because I hated my baby and wished her dead. My experience at his hands can only be described as a living hell.
Because of his complete lack of understanding of my condition I would not rate his views and on autistic spectrum disorder or any other mental health condition.
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